Effects of Orlistat and Herbal Mixture Extract on Renal Function and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in a Rat Model of High Fat Diet

Aims: This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of herbal mixture extracts of pumpkin seed oil, peanuts shell and Orlistat on renal function and oxidative stress biomarkers in male albino rats administrated high fat diet (HFD).

Study Design: Fifty male rats were divided into four groups: 1st a normal diet, 2nd HFD, 3rd HFD with Orlistat and 4th HFD with herbal mixture.

Place and Duration of Study: Biochemistry-Chemistry department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University for two years.

Methodology: A group of rats were fed with a standard control diet (1st control group) and another group of rats were fed with a diet containing 35% fat (2nd HFD) for 16 weeks. Then, this group of HFD was divided into 3 groups for the following 6 weeks: 1st group hadHFD only, 2nd group had HFD plus 2 mg/kg bw/day Orlistat and 3rd group had HFD plus 5 mg/kg bw/day pumpkins and 2 mg/kg bw/day nutshell extract. Blood and renal tissues were collected for biochemical assays.

Results: HFD group showed a very high significant increase (***P<0.001)in feed intake from low (216.9+/-12.25) to high (327.5 +/-22.00), body weight and body mass index. HFD affect the kidney by increasing serum uric acid (**P<0.01)(1.964+/-0.251) to (3.106+/- 0.161), urea, creatinine, (***P<0.001) for low density lipoproteins and total cholesterol (16.71+/-2.27 to 55.78+/-4.40 and 70.30+/-2.75 to118.10+/-6.35) respectively, triacylglycerol (**P<0.01) (54.60+/-6.42 to 80.00+/-0.65) and malondialdehyde (***P<0.001) (35.48 +/- 3.52 to 63.03 +/-1.48). These changes improved by the treatments with Orlistat and herbal mixture that decreased the oxidative stress biomarkers.

Conclusion: Rats that fed with HFD showed hypertriglyceridemia, increased oxidative stress and renal alteration. Moreover, suggesting association between lipid peroxidation, obesity and nephropathy, while treatment with Orlistat and herbal mixture ameliorated the harmful effects of the HFD and reduce feed intake.