Critical Aspects of 5G Technology- A Study on the Drivers, Technology Enhancement, Performance, and Spectrum Usage

Pursuit for a new feasible technology has always been the main intention of every telecom company to satisfy the dire needs of the increasing demand for higher data rates and uninterrupted communication. The Fourth Generation (4G) network deployed presently works on an All-IP Network architecture providing features like low latency and high data rates. Owing to many user applications which make use of constant internet connection and high data rate, 5G was launched. Keeping in line with current trends, user preferences, and requirements, technology standards have evolved from 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, and now 5G. Thus, 5G mobile technology makes use of Flat-IP Network architecture which fulfills the need for high data rates and ultra low latency thus providing overall latency. Thus, this paper intends to discuss the various performance parameters, necessities, evolutionary enhancements, the shift in the architecture and protocols involved from 4G to 5G to achieve a full real wireless world, and also about the spectrum management and challenges.